ENIAC( Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) was the first general-purpose electronic computer. It was a Turing-complete digital computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems.^]

ENIAC was designed to calculate artillery firing tables for the United States Army’s Ballistic Research Laboratory. When ENIAC was announced in 1946 it was heralded in the press as a “Giant Brain”. It boasted speeds one thousand times faster than electro-mechanical machines, a leap in computing power that no single machine has since matched. This mathematical power, coupled with general-purpose programmability, excited scientists and industrialists. The inventors promoted the spread of these new ideas by teaching a series of lectures on computer architecture.

The ENIAC’s design and construction was financed by the United States Army during World War II. The construction contract was signed on June 5, 1943, and work on the computer began in secret by the University of Pennsylvania’s Moore School of Electrical Engineering starting the following month under the code name “Project PX”. The completed machine was announced to the public the evening of February 14, 1946 and formally dedicated the next day at the University of Pennsylvania, having cost almost $500,000 (nearly $6 million in 2010, adjusted for inflation). It was formally accepted by the U.S. Army Ordnance Corps in July 1946. ENIAC was shut down on November 9, 1946 for a refurbishment and a memory upgrade, and was transferred to Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland in 1947. There, on July 29, 1947, it was turned on and was in continuous operation until 11:45 p.m. on October 2, 1955.

ENIAC was conceived and designed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert of the University of Pennsylvania.^[9] The team of design engineers assisting the development included Robert F. Shaw (function tables), Chuan Chu (divider/square-rooter), Thomas Kite Sharpless (master programmer), Arthur Burks (multiplier), Harry Huskey (reader/printer) and Jack Davis (accumulators).

The 2nd generation Intel® Core™ processor family brings visibly smart performance to your business PCs—delivering benefits you can readily see and appreciate. Users can be more productive. PCs and laptops can be better protected. Your operation can be a smooth-running machine. Clearly, 2nd generation Intel Core processors are the smart choice for  business.

Intelligence runs in the family

Smart performance is a trait of every member of the 2nd generation Intel Core processor family. That’s because every 2nd generation Intel Core processor features remarkably intelligent technologies. Examples?

• Intel® Turbo Boost Technology 2.0 automatically dials up the processor clock speed when demanding tasks require additional power, then dials down to save energy whenever possible.¹
• Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology (Intel® HT Technology) and other innovative Intel® technologies enable four-way (or eight-way) processing that makes multi-tasking between business applications quick and effortless.²

And smart performance is literally on display in 2nd generation Intel® Core™ processors, as they offer stunning visual performance due to built-in visuals . There’s no need for dedicated graphics cards (or the added cost and power requirements that come with them).³

Greater performance enables seamless security

Security shouldn’t get in the way of user productivity. And that’s another reason why the exceptional performance of 2nd generation Intel Core processors is so important. It enables security applications and protocols to run efficiently and unobtrusively in the background. In many cases, users won’t even know their PCs are actively being secured. And that’s the way it should be.

New PCs for Your New Compute Environment

IT is changing at warp speed, and PCs must keep pace. That’s why 2nd generation Intel® Core™ processors bring smart performance and new capabilities to secure mobility, online rich media, and business operations optimization.

1. The port number used by SMTP is:

25

2. A packet filter is a type of

Firewall

3. Which among the following utilities can detect a bad sector?

CHKDSK and SCANDISK

4. In 100BASE-T, ‘T’ stands for:

Twisted pair

5. A head crash is said to occur when the read-write head of a hard disk drive:

Touches the magnetic media

6. Category 5 cable includes —twisted pairs in a single cable jacket.

4

7. The port number used by the HTTP protocol is

80

8. In PowerPoint presentations, individual pages are called:

Slides

9. _________ is a powder used in laser printers to form the images on a paper.

Toner

10. Worms and Trojan Horses are examples of:

Malware

11. ___________ Printers work by selectively heating regions of special heat-sensitive paper.

Thermal

12.The ISI mark is given by:

BIS

13. The laser printer was invented at:

Xerox

14. A flaw in a system whereby the output is unexpectedly dependent on the sequence or timing of other events is called a:

Race condition

15. A 56k modem can transfer data at up to bits per second over the phone line.

56000

16. The original implementation of the C programming language was standardized by :

ANSI

17. ________Is a signaling method that handles a relatively wide range of frequencies.

Broadband

18. Power-on-self-test is built into the:

BIOS

19. PowerPoint can embed content from other applications through:

OLE

20. The latest release of Microsoft Windows is called:

Vista

21. GRUB is an:

Boot loader

22. __________Is a family of programmable interrupt controller chips.

8259

23.card allows television signals to be received by a computer.

TV tuner

24. ________Is an IEEE 1394 implementation.

Fire Wire

25 ‘Windows protection error’ messages may result from:

Damage to the system registry

26 Sound Blaster line of audio cards were made by :

Creative Technology Ltd.

27 Indiscriminate sending of unsolicited bulk messages is known as :

Spamming.

28. The ‘blue screen of death’ may occur due to:

All the above

29. FAT manages files in contiguous groups of sectors called:

Clusters

30. The utility which can be used to clean the windows registry is:

regedit

Who is credited with the creation of WWW
Answer : Tim Berners-Lee

Which of the following is not a web browser
Answer :HTML

MIME is associated with the following
Answer :E mail

The mode of communication in which transmission can be bidirectional. But in only one direction at a time is called
Answer :Half Duplex

Error detection at the data link layer is achieved using
Answer :CRC codes

In Serial communication, start and stop bits are used for
Answer :Synchronization

In a transmitter, the unmodulated signal is known as
Answer :Baseband signal

In a computer network, routing issues are handled in
Answer :Network Layer

In a computer network, functions of dialog management and synchronization are taken care of in the Answer :Session’s layer

Which of the following topologies has the highest reliability
Answer :Mesh

In data communications, bauds signify ———- rate
Answer :Signaling

ADSL is abbreviation for
Answer :Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

The topmost layer in the ISO model that needs to be implemented in an intermediate node is the ———–layer

Answer :Network

VPN denotes a

Answer :Virtual Private Network

Data rate of a ring network is 20Mbps and signal propagates at 200m/µsec. The number of bits that can be placed on the channel of length 200km is

Answer :20000bits

The frequency range over which coaxial cables are typically used is

Answer :106 to 108 Hz

In internet, the well known port 21 refers to the application

Answer :FTP

The maximum data rate possible through a noise free 4 kHz binary channel is

Answer :8000 bps

The transparency provided in a distributed system where users cannot tell how many copies of a resource exist is termed as

Answer :Replication transparency

Which of the following configurations can be said to be tightly coupled

Answer :Shared memory multiprocessors

In distributed systems, RPC stands for

Answer :Remote Procedure Call

Assume there are 4 file servers each with a 0.95 chance of being up at any instant. Probability of at least
one being available is

Answer :1-(.05)4

Which of the following category of classification of multiple computer systems is not generally used in practice

Answer :MISD

. In a distributed system, to ensure that concurrent transactions do not interfere with each other, the transactions must have the following specific property

Answer :Serializability

Translation Lookaside Buffer(TLB) is also called

Answer :Associative Memory

In Internet Standards Terminology, RFC refers to

Answer :Request For Comments

. Which of the following denotes a network management protocol in an internet

Answer :SNMP

IEEE 802.11 is an IEEE standard for

Answer :Wireless LAN

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e) All are true

Computer-aided design (CAD), also known as computer-aided design and drafting (CADD), is the use of computer technology for the process of design and design-documentation. Computer Aided Drafting describes the process of drafting with a computer.

CADD software, or environments, provide the user with input-tools for the purpose of streamlining design processes; drafting, documentation, and manufacturing processes. CADD output is often in the form of electronic files for print or machining operations. The development of CADD-based software is in direct correlation with the processes it seeks to economize; industry-based software (construction, manufacturing, etc.) typically uses vector-based (linear) environments whereas graphic-based software utilizes raster-based (pixelated) environments.

Virtual Memory

Virtual Memory is a feature of an operating system that enables a process to use a memory (RAM) address space that is independent of other processes running in the same system, and use a space that is larger than the actual amount of RAM present, temporarily relegating some contents from RAM to a disk, with little or no overhead.

ROM

ROM – Read-only memory: On ROM, data is prerecorded for read only which can not be removed. ROM is nonvolatile and it retains its contents regardless the computer is on or off. Most personal computers contain a small amount of ROM that stores critical programs such as the program that boots the computer. In addition, ROMs are used in calculators and peripheral devices such as laser printers, whose fonts are often stored in ROMs. There are a few variations of ROM such as programmable read-only memory(PROM), which is manufactured as blank chips on which data can be written with a special device called a PROM programmer.

RAM

RAM – Random access memory: whose contents can be accessed (read, write and remove) in any order. This is in contrast to sequential memory devices such as magnetic tapes, discs and drums, in which the mechanical movement of the storage medium forces the computer to access data in a fixed order. RAM is usually used for primary storage in computers to hold active information such as data and programs. Common forms of RAM are: SRAM (Static RAM) and DRAM (Dynamic RAM).

Windows Management Shortcuts

* Win+Home: Clear all but the active window.
* Win+Space: All windows become transparent so you can see through to the desktop.
* Win+Up arrow: Maximize the active window.
* Shift+Win+Up arrow: Maximize the active window vertically.
* Win+Down arrow: Minimize the window/Restore the window if it’s maximized.
* Win+Left/Right arrows: Dock the window to each side of the monitor.
* Shift+Win+Left/Right arrows: Move the window to the monitor on the left or right.

You can also interact with windows by dragging them with the mouse:

* Drag window to the top: Maximize
* Drag window left/right: Dock the window to fill half of the screen.
* Shake window back/forth: Minimize everything but the current window.
* Double-Click Top Window Border (edge).

Taskbar Shortcuts

You can use any of these shortcut combinations to launch the applications in their respective position on the taskbar, or more:

* Win+number (1-9): Starts the application pinned to the taskbar in that position, or switches to that program.
* Shift+Win+number (1-9): Starts a new instance of the application pinned to the taskbar in that position.
* Ctrl+Win+number (1-9): Cycles through open windows for the application pinned to the taskbar is that position.
* Alt+Win+number (1-9): Opens the Jump List for the application pinned to the taskbar.
* Win+T: Focus and scroll through items on the taskbar.
* Win+B: Focuses the System Tray icons

In addition, you can interact with the taskbar using your mouse and a modifier key:

* Shift+Click on a taskbar button: Open a program or quickly open another instance of a program.
* Ctrl+Shift+Click on a taskbar button: Open a program as an administrator.
* Shift+Right-click on a taskbar button: Show the window menu for the program (like XP does).
* Shift+Right-click on a grouped taskbar button: Show the window menu for the group.
* Ctrl+Click on a grouped taskbar button: Cycle through the windows of the group.

Here’s a few more interesting hotkeys for you:

* Ctrl+Shift+N: Creates a new folder in Windows Explorer.
* Alt+Up: Goes up a folder level in Windows Explorer.
* Alt+P: Toggles the preview pane in Windows Explorer.
* Shift+Right-Click on a file: Adds Copy as Path, which copies the path of a file to the clipboard.
* Shift+Right-Click on a file: Adds extra hidden items to the Send To menu.
* Shift+Right-Click on a folder: Adds Command Prompt Here, which lets you easily open a command prompt in that folder.
* Win+P: Adjust presentation settings for your display.
* Win+(+/-): Zoom in/out.
* Win+G: Cycle between the Windows Gadgets on your screen.