ENIAC( Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) was the first general-purpose electronic computer. It was a Turing-complete digital computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems.^]

ENIAC was designed to calculate artillery firing tables for the United States Army’s Ballistic Research Laboratory. When ENIAC was announced in 1946 it was heralded in the press as a “Giant Brain”. It boasted speeds one thousand times faster than electro-mechanical machines, a leap in computing power that no single machine has since matched. This mathematical power, coupled with general-purpose programmability, excited scientists and industrialists. The inventors promoted the spread of these new ideas by teaching a series of lectures on computer architecture.

The ENIAC’s design and construction was financed by the United States Army during World War II. The construction contract was signed on June 5, 1943, and work on the computer began in secret by the University of Pennsylvania’s Moore School of Electrical Engineering starting the following month under the code name “Project PX”. The completed machine was announced to the public the evening of February 14, 1946 and formally dedicated the next day at the University of Pennsylvania, having cost almost $500,000 (nearly $6 million in 2010, adjusted for inflation). It was formally accepted by the U.S. Army Ordnance Corps in July 1946. ENIAC was shut down on November 9, 1946 for a refurbishment and a memory upgrade, and was transferred to Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland in 1947. There, on July 29, 1947, it was turned on and was in continuous operation until 11:45 p.m. on October 2, 1955.

ENIAC was conceived and designed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert of the University of Pennsylvania.^[9] The team of design engineers assisting the development included Robert F. Shaw (function tables), Chuan Chu (divider/square-rooter), Thomas Kite Sharpless (master programmer), Arthur Burks (multiplier), Harry Huskey (reader/printer) and Jack Davis (accumulators).

Now Keep Your Number, Change Your Telecom Service Provider

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh today flagged off nation-wide Mobile Number Portability, a service that allows subscribers to change service provider while retaining the number.

This would benefit over 700 million subscribers, both in GSM and CDMA categories in the country.

The new policy would force the operators to shift focus from acquiring new subscribers to retaining the existing ones.

All that a customer needs to do for changing his telecom operator is pay a maximum of Rs 19. He/she will get a new service provider within seven working days as per the guidelines of regulator TRAI.

“Till now, operators were competing to acquire new subscribers. But launch of MNP will force them to offer innovative and quality services to retain their subscribers,” Singh said .

The Prime Minister marked the launch of the service by making a call to Telecom Minister Kapil Sibal who was seated next to him.

MNP services were first launched in Haryana in November last year and according to industry estimates, less than one per cent subscribers opted for changing their operators.

‘Phishing’ attack, The do’s and don’ts in the background of internet Banking .

Methodologies:

* Phishing attacks use both social engineering and technical subterfuge to steal customers’ personal identity data and financial account credentials.
* Customer receives a fraudulent e-mail seemingly from a legitimate Internet address.
* The email invites the customer to click on a hyperlink provided in the mail.
* Click on the hyperlink directs the customer to a fake web site that looks similar to the genuine site.
* Usually the email will either promise a reward on compliance or warn of an impending penalty on a non compliance.
* Customer is asked to update his personal information, such as passwords and credit card and bank account numbers etc.
* Customer provides personal details in good faith. Clicks on ‘submit’ button.
* He gets an error page.
* Customer falls prey to the phishing attempt.

Dont’s:

1. Do not click on any link which has come through e-mail from an unexpected source. It may contain malicious code or could be an attempt to ‘Phish’.
2. Do not provide any information on a page which might have come up as a pop-up window.
3. Never provide your password over the phone or in response to an unsolicited request over e-mail.
4. Always remember that information like password, PIN, TIN, etc are strictly confidential and are not known even to employees/service personnel of the Bank. You should therefore, never divulge such information even if asked for.

Do’s:

1. Always logon to a site by typing the proper URL in the address bar.
2. Give your user id and password only at the authenticated login page.
3. Before providing your user id and password please ensure that the URL of the login page starts with the text ‘https://’ and is not ‘http:// ‘.The ‘s’ stands for ‘secured’ and indicates that the Web page uses encryption.
4. Please also look for the lock sign (lock icon) at the right bottom of the browser and the verisign certificate.
5. Provide your personal details over phone/Internet only if you have initiated a call or session and the counterpart has been duly authenticated by you.
6. Please remember that the bank would never ask you to verify your account information through an e-mail.

What to do if you have accidentally revealed password/PIN/TIN etc:

1.If you feel that you have been phished or you have provided your personal information at a place you should not have, please carry out the following immediately as a damage mitigation measure.
* Change your password immediately.
* Report to the bank by clicking on the link Report Phishing
* Check your account statement and ensure that it is correct in every respect.
* Report any erroneous entries to the bank.
* Use the other compensatory controls provided by the bank like setting the limits for demand draft and trusted third parties to zero, enabling high security, etc to minimize the risk.

The much awaited version of Microsoft’s Internet browser is here! It features a completely re-designed “minimalistic” interface and many other new features like:
- Pinned websites
- Better performance thanks to the re-worked JavaScript engine (Codenamed Chakra) that is capable to use multiple cores on a PC
- Support for latest web standards like HTML5 and CSS3
- GPU hardware acceleration for rendering rich content faster (by the use of Direct2D APIs)
Bottom line, if you’ve been hating Internet Explorer since version 6.0, then 9.0 will bring about a refreshing change for the better.

Open the Download link below to go ahead with the
32-bit version of the beta for Windows 7.
For the 64-bit version of Windows 7, open here.
Also, open here to check our IE9 beta
in your native language and for the Windows Vista versions.

Download Point

Virtual Memory

Virtual Memory is a feature of an operating system that enables a process to use a memory (RAM) address space that is independent of other processes running in the same system, and use a space that is larger than the actual amount of RAM present, temporarily relegating some contents from RAM to a disk, with little or no overhead.

ROM

ROM – Read-only memory: On ROM, data is prerecorded for read only which can not be removed. ROM is nonvolatile and it retains its contents regardless the computer is on or off. Most personal computers contain a small amount of ROM that stores critical programs such as the program that boots the computer. In addition, ROMs are used in calculators and peripheral devices such as laser printers, whose fonts are often stored in ROMs. There are a few variations of ROM such as programmable read-only memory(PROM), which is manufactured as blank chips on which data can be written with a special device called a PROM programmer.

RAM

RAM – Random access memory: whose contents can be accessed (read, write and remove) in any order. This is in contrast to sequential memory devices such as magnetic tapes, discs and drums, in which the mechanical movement of the storage medium forces the computer to access data in a fixed order. RAM is usually used for primary storage in computers to hold active information such as data and programs. Common forms of RAM are: SRAM (Static RAM) and DRAM (Dynamic RAM).

Windows Management Shortcuts

* Win+Home: Clear all but the active window.
* Win+Space: All windows become transparent so you can see through to the desktop.
* Win+Up arrow: Maximize the active window.
* Shift+Win+Up arrow: Maximize the active window vertically.
* Win+Down arrow: Minimize the window/Restore the window if it’s maximized.
* Win+Left/Right arrows: Dock the window to each side of the monitor.
* Shift+Win+Left/Right arrows: Move the window to the monitor on the left or right.

You can also interact with windows by dragging them with the mouse:

* Drag window to the top: Maximize
* Drag window left/right: Dock the window to fill half of the screen.
* Shake window back/forth: Minimize everything but the current window.
* Double-Click Top Window Border (edge).

Taskbar Shortcuts

You can use any of these shortcut combinations to launch the applications in their respective position on the taskbar, or more:

* Win+number (1-9): Starts the application pinned to the taskbar in that position, or switches to that program.
* Shift+Win+number (1-9): Starts a new instance of the application pinned to the taskbar in that position.
* Ctrl+Win+number (1-9): Cycles through open windows for the application pinned to the taskbar is that position.
* Alt+Win+number (1-9): Opens the Jump List for the application pinned to the taskbar.
* Win+T: Focus and scroll through items on the taskbar.
* Win+B: Focuses the System Tray icons

In addition, you can interact with the taskbar using your mouse and a modifier key:

* Shift+Click on a taskbar button: Open a program or quickly open another instance of a program.
* Ctrl+Shift+Click on a taskbar button: Open a program as an administrator.
* Shift+Right-click on a taskbar button: Show the window menu for the program (like XP does).
* Shift+Right-click on a grouped taskbar button: Show the window menu for the group.
* Ctrl+Click on a grouped taskbar button: Cycle through the windows of the group.

Here’s a few more interesting hotkeys for you:

* Ctrl+Shift+N: Creates a new folder in Windows Explorer.
* Alt+Up: Goes up a folder level in Windows Explorer.
* Alt+P: Toggles the preview pane in Windows Explorer.
* Shift+Right-Click on a file: Adds Copy as Path, which copies the path of a file to the clipboard.
* Shift+Right-Click on a file: Adds extra hidden items to the Send To menu.
* Shift+Right-Click on a folder: Adds Command Prompt Here, which lets you easily open a command prompt in that folder.
* Win+P: Adjust presentation settings for your display.
* Win+(+/-): Zoom in/out.
* Win+G: Cycle between the Windows Gadgets on your screen.

MEGA BYTES   IS THE UNIT FOR MEASURING    MEMORY CAPACITY OF COMPUTER

STORED PROGRAM CONCEPT  BY     John von neumann

WISDOM OF MASS PRINCIPLE”" IS ASSOCIATED WITH   WIKIPEDIA

YOU TUBE   IS ASSOCIATED WITH    GOOGLE

Operating system of a computer manages

Ans : all the operations of a computer

Software that can manipulate or destroy data or programs in a computer is known as

Ans : Virus

Binary Code’ used in computers makes use of which numbers

Ans : 0 & 1

One kilobyte is equal to

Ans : 1024 bytes

Who is the architect of Supercomputer

Ans : Seymour Cray

Which computer company introduced mouse for the first time

Ans : Apple Corporation

Who developed the World Wide Web first

Ans : Timothy Berners Lee

The first large scale, general purpose digital computer

Ans : ENIAC

ENIAC

Ans : Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer

The shortcut key to print documents is

Ans : Ctrl + P

The function of key F4 in keyboard is

Ans : to repeat the last action

Name the first general purpose electronic computer

Ans : UNIVAC