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Wikipedia is a multilingual, web-based, free-content encyclopedia project based on an openly editable model. The name “Wikipedia” is a portmanteau of the words wiki (a technology for creating collaborative websites, from the Hawaiian word wiki, meaning “quick”) and encyclopedia. Wikipedia’s articles provide links to guide the user to related pages with additional information.

Wikipedia is written collaboratively by largely anonymous Internet volunteers who write without pay. Anyone with Internet access can write and make changes to Wikipedia articles (except in certain cases where editing is restricted to prevent disruption or vandalism). Users can contribute anonymously, under a pseudonym, or with their real identity, if they choose.

The fundamental principles by which Wikipedia operates are the Five pillars. The Wikipedia community has developed many policies and guidelines to improve the encyclopedia; however, it is not a formal requirement to be familiar with them before contributing.

Since its creation in 2001, Wikipedia has grown rapidly into one of the largest reference websites, attracting 400 million unique visitors monthly as of March 2011 according to ComScore. There are more than 91,000 active contributors working on more than 17,000,000 articles in more than 270 languages. As of today, there are 3,647,139 articles in English. Every day, hundreds of thousands of visitors from around the world collectively make tens of thousands of edits and create thousands of new articles to augment the knowledge held by the Wikipedia encyclopedia.

Wikipedia history

Wikipedia was founded as an offshoot of Nupedia, a now-abandoned project to produce a free encyclopedia. Nupedia had an elaborate system of peer review and required highly qualified contributors, but the writing of articles was slow. During 2000, Jimmy Wales, founder of Nupedia, and Larry Sanger, whom Wales had employed to work on the project, discussed ways of supplementing Nupedia with a more open, complementary project. Multiple sources suggested the idea that a wiki might allow members of the public to contribute material, and Nupedia’s first wiki went online on January 10, 2001.

Information Courtesy : Wikipedia

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IGNOU( Indira Gandhi National Open University)Established in 1985 has contributed significantly to the development of higher education in the country through the Open and Distance Learning (ODL) mode.

IGNOU also known “The ‘People’s University’ follows a learner-centric approach and has successfully adopted a policy of openness and flexibility in entry qualifications, time taken for completion of a programme, and place of study.

The University, at present, offers 338 programmes of study through over 3,500 courses to a cumulative student strength of over 30 lakh students.

The programmes are offered by the University at the following levels: doctorate; masters and bachelors degree programmes; post-graduate and under-graduate diplomas; and certificates.

The education is disseminated in conventional, as well as emerging inter-disciplinary areas, such as consumer protection, disaster management, environment, human rights, tourism, women empowerment and child development, participatory forest management, participatory planning, resettlement and rehabilitation, teacher education, food and nutrition, continuing medical and health education, HIV/AIDs, laboratory techniques, and online learning.

One of the biggest contributions of the University has been making available to long-distance learners, courses which were hitherto exclusively limited to Face-to-Face classroom transactions. These include programmes in physical and natural sciences, nursing, health, engineering and technology, computers, library and information sciences and BEd degree, among others.

The University develops its academic programmes through 21 Schools of Study. A dedicated faculty, trained in distance education methodology, is responsible for planning, designing, developing and delivering academic programmes.

IGNOU involves a large number of senior teachers and experts from premier institutions in the country as ‘content experts’ for developing and delivering its course material.

The University has established a network of 43 Regional Centres (RCs), 6 Sub-Regional Centres and 1,400 Study Centres (SCs) all over the country to provide easy access and effective support services to the learners. These include Programme Study Centres (PSCs), as well as Special Study Centres for SC/STs, minorities, differently-abled learners, jail inmates, and personnel of different wings of Defence and Para-military services.

The University has also begun to focus on the educationally backward regions. New educational and training initiatives in the North-Eastern states and Sikkim are currently under way. These initiatives would lead to the creation of basic infrastructure in the region, using the latest in the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for the region.

The University has also extended its outreach beyond the borders of the country. IGNOU has entered into bilateral and multilateral alliances with several countries, especially in Asia and Africa: Australia, United Kingdom, France, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain, Abu Dhabi, Seychelles, Mauritius, Maldives, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Papua New Guinea and Liberia.

IGNOU intends to establish collaboration and partnership with government agencies and other open universities through international organisations like UNESCO, the Commonwealth Secretariat, the Commonwealth of Learning (COL), the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the World Wide Fund (WWF).

To promote international understanding, the University has a scheme of fellowships for academics and other staff working in the open universities of Asia under the Inter-University Staff Exchange Scheme. The University also hosts, supports and participates in national and international conferences to give impetus to research and academic activities of the faculty and staff.

The University has developed capabilities for training in distance education methodologies. It has successfully organised training workshops for the staff and faculty from within IGNOU, and a number of other institutions like State Open Universities (SOUs), Correspondence Course Institutes (CCIs), administrative staff of Government agencies, and overseas faculty. These have been conducted through the joint coordination of the Schools of Study, Staff Training and Research Institute of Distance Education (STRIDE) and the Distance Education Council (DEC), besides some national and international sponsoring agencies.

The academic programmes of the University have multi-media support. The University has facilities for audio, video, radio, television, interactive radio and video counselling, as well as tele-conferencing. IGNOU has also been identified as the nodal agency for running a 24-hour educational TV channel — Gyan Darshan — in collaboration with other institutions of higher learning. Gyan Vani is emerging as a huge cooperative network of FM radio stations, exclusively devoted to education.

Apart from teaching, research and training, extension education is an important component of academic activities at IGNOU. Extension education provides the much-needed linkages between the community and the University. Various literacy programmes focusing on community awareness and education and training in need-based and relevant areas have been successfully executed by the University. This is part of the University’s strategy of social intervention, and building the skill and knowledge capability of the community.

IGNOU has the unique distinction of combining the conventional role of a University with that of an apex body in the promotion, coordination and maintenance of standards in distance education, through continuous assessment and accreditation of the ODL institutions. The University established the DEC in 1991 as a statutory authority to ensure high-quality education through the ODL systems. The DEC has developed the ethos of sharing professional capabilities and resources with its peers.

The official website of is  IGNOU is http://www.ignou.ac.in/

courtesy : http://www.ignou.ac.in/