Varahagiri Venkata Giri; 10 August 1894 – 23 June 1980, commonly known as V. V. Giri, was the fourth President of the Republic of India from 24 August 1969 to 23 August 1974. He served as Acting President of India from 3 May 1969 to 20 July 1969, before getting elected.

Early life

He was born to Varahagiri Venkata Jogaiah, residing in Brahmapur (Berhampur) in the Ganjam district of the erstwhile Madras Presidency. The town and district are now part of the state of Orissa. His father was an eminent lawyer and migrated to Brahmapur from Chintalapalli village, now part of East Godavari District – Andhra Pradesh State.

His Profile summary

4th President of India
In office 24 August 1969 – 24 August 1974
Prime Minister	Indira Gandhi
Vice President	Gopal Swarup Pathak
Preceded by	Mohammad Hidayatullah (Acting)
Succeeded by	Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
Acting President of India
In office 3 May 1969 – 20 July 1969
Prime Minister	Indira Gandhi
Preceded by	Zakir Hussain
Succeeded by	Mohammad Hidayatullah (Acting)
Vice President of India
In office 13 May 1967 – 3 May 1969
President	Zakir Hussain
Preceded by	Zakir Hussain
Succeeded by	Gopal Swarup Pathak
Governor of Karnataka
In office 2 April 1965 – 13 May 1967
Chief Minister	Siddavanahalli Nijalingappa
Preceded by	Satyawant Mallannah Shrinagesh
Succeeded by	Gopal Swarup Pathak
Governor of Kerala
In office 1 July 1960 – 2 April 1965
Chief Minister	Pattom Thanu Pillai R. Sankar
Preceded by	Burgula Ramakrishna Rao
Succeeded by	Ajit Prasad Jain
Governor of Uttar Pradesh
In office 10 June 1956 – 30 June 1960
Chief Minister	Sampurnanand
Preceded by	Kanhaiyalal Maneklal Munshi
Succeeded by	Burgula Ramakrishna Rao
Personal details
Born	10 August 1894 Berhampur, British Raj (now India)
Died	23 June 1980 (aged 85) Madras, India
Political party	Indian National Congress (1916–present)
Other political affiliations	Sinn Féin (Before 1916)
Spouse(s)	Saraswati Bai
Alma mater	University College Dublin
Religion	Hinduism
Signature

ANNA HAZARE

Today ,14th November is celebrated as the Children’s day in India.

Universally, Children’s Day is celebrated on 20th November, every year. This date was chosen as a day to celebrate childhood.The date 20th November, was chosen as it marks the anniversary of the day in 1959, when the Declaration of the Rights of the Child was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly adopted. In 1989 the Convention on the Rights of the Child was signed on the same date, which has been sanctioned by 191 states, ever since.

However, while 20th November is universally celebrated as Children’s Day, in India this day has been preponed to 14th November, the date that marks the birth anniversary of independent India’s first Prime Minister – Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

About Jawahar Lal Nehru

On November14, 1889, a son was born to an eminent lawyer, Motilal Nehru and his wife Swaroop Rani at Allahabad. They named him Jawaharlal. He was a brilliant, kindhearted child who was greatly loved by all.

His father wanted to give him the best education and hence sent him to England for his M.A. from Cambridge. The British ruled India at that time. When he returned to India, young Jawaharlal realized that he wanted to help the poor and the downtrodden. He took part in the Freedom Struggle of India and became a follower of Mahatma Gandhi who had just returned from South Africa at that time. When India gained its independence, he became the first Prime Minister of free India.

He was a perfect blend of eastern philosophical values and western scientific thinking and encouraged technological progress. But he was also a man of letters and a great poet and wrote some famous works like, Glimpses of World History and Discovery of India. His letters to his daughter, Indira, were also compiled into a book and reflects his philosophical outlook, his compassion and above all, his tender heart.

The Birth of Chacha Nehru

Chacha Nehru as the children fondly referred to him, was fond of both children and roses. In fact he often compared the two, saying that children were like the buds in a garden. They should be carefully and lovingly nurtured, as they were the future of the nation and the citizens of tomorrow. He felt that children are the real strength of a country and the very foundation of society. He was the beloved of all the children who gave him the endearing name of Chacha Nehru.

Indian Prime Ministers - From First to the Latest

1st .Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru (August 15, 1947 – May 27, 1964 )- Party (Congress)

2nd .Shri Gulzarilal Nanda (May 27, 1964 – June 9, 1964 and January 11, 1966 – January 24, 1966)- Party (Congress)

3rd .Lal Bahadur Shastri (June 9, 1964 – January 11, 1966) – Party(Congress)

4th  .Smt. Indira Gandhi (January 24, 1966 – March 24, 1977 and January 14, 1980 – October 31, 1984) – Party(Congress & Congress[I])

5th  . Shri Morarji Desai (March 24, 1977 – July 28, 1979) – Party (Janta Party)

6th .Shri Charan Singh (July 28, 1979 – January 14, 1980) – Party(Janta Party)

7th. Mr. Rajiv Gandhi (October 31, 1984 – December 2, 1989) – Party (Congress[I])

8th. Shri V. P. Singh (December 2, 1989 – November 10, 1990) – Party(Janta Dal)

9th. Shri Chandra Shekhar (November 10, 1990 – June 21, 1991) Party (Janta Dal[S])

10th. P. V. Narasimha Rao (June 21, 1991- May 16, 1996) – Party (Congress[I])

11th. Shri H. D. Deve Gowda (June 1, 1996 – April 21, 1997) – Party (Janta Dal)

12th. Shri Inder Kumar Gujral (April 21, 1997 – March 19, 1998) – Party (Janta Dal)

13th. Atal Bihari Vajpayee (May 16, 1996 – June 1, 1996 and March 19, 1998 – May 22, 2004) – Party (BJP)

14th. Dr. Manmohan Singh (May 22, 2004 – till date) – Party (INC)

The Mughal Empire of India :

The Mughal era is the historic period of the Mughal Empire in India, it ran from the early sixteenth century, to a point in the early eighteenth century when the Mughal Emperors power had dwindled.

It ended in several generations of conflicts between rival warlords.

During the Mughal period, art and architecture flourished and many beautiful monuments were constructed. The rulers were skillful warriors and admirers of art as well.

The Mughal Empire lasted for more than three centuries. The Mughal Empire was one of the largest centralized states in premodern history and was the precursor to the British Indian Empire.

The Mughal Emperors :

• Babur (1526 – 1530)
• Humayun (1530 – 40 & 1555 – 1556)
• Akbar (1556 – 1605)
• Jahangir (1605 – 1627)
• Shahjahan (1628 – 1658)
• Aurangzeb Alamgir
• Later Mughal or Fall of Mughal

• He also built Fatehpur Sikri (city of victory) near Agra. In Fatehpur Sikri are the Panch Mahal, Diwan-I-Khas, Diwan-I-Aam, Jodhabai’s palace and Sheikh Salim Chishti’s tomb. Buland Darwaza (53 m high) is located here, commemorating the emperor’s conquest of Gujarat.
• Built his own tomb at Sikandra, near Agra.
• Built the temple of Govindadeva at Vrindavan.

Buildings in Jahangir Mughal Empire :

• With Jahangir’s reign, the practice of putting up buildings in marble and decorating the walls with floral designs made of semi-precious stones started. This method of decoration was known as Pietra Dura.
• Nurjahan built the tomb of Itmad-ud-Daula at Agra.
• Jahangir built Moti Masjid at Lahore and his own mausoleum at Shahdara (Lahore).

Shahjahan Architecture :

• Built Taj Mahal, Moti Masjid at Agra, Jama Masjid and Red Fort at Delhi, Shalimar Bagh at Lahore and city of Shahjahanabad.
• Also built Mussaman Burz at Agra (where he spent his last years in captivity), Sheesh Mahal, etc.
• He got the peacock throne built by Bebadal Khan on which Amir Khusrau’s couplet – ‘If there is a paradise on earth, it is here’, inscribed on it.

Aurangzeb Architecture :

• Built Moti Masjid at Delhi and Badshahi Mosque at Lahore.
• Built Bibi ka Makbara in Aurangabad.

what does “APJ” stands for in “APJ ABDUL KALAM” ?
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam is the full name of former Indian President and well known scientist, who has a large no.of fans in the world. He is also the author of ” Wings of Fire ” and ” Ignited Minds ” etc.

Subhash Chandra Boss
Bose, Subhash Chandra : better known as Netaji of Azad Hind Fauj
(Indian National Army,INA), was a powerful nationalist
leader and was also once elected President of the Indian National
Congress. He gained much prominence for organising INA during
world war II.
In his speech, while inaugurating the Azad Hind Fauj in Singapore, he
gave a stirring call to his soldiers &endash; “Give me blood and I shall
give you freeedom”.
Rightly called the Beacon of light of Asia, he was the first to address
Mahatma Gandhi as Father of the Nation.
In a message to Gandhiji, in a broadcast from Azad Hind Radio, Ran-
goon, on July 8, 1944, he said&endash; “Father of our Nation! In this
holy war of India’s liberation, we ask you for your blessings and good
wishes”.
Mahatma Gandhi described him as Patriot of Patriots
The ashes of Subhash Chandra Bose are kept in Renkoji temple in
Tokyo.