Supreme Court of India

The Supreme Court is the highest court of appeal as established by Part V, Chapter IV of the Indian Constitution and Article 124 to 147 states about the composition of Supreme Court of India. Supreme Court of India consists of one Chief Justice and 31 judges. The bench that comprises 2 or 3 judges is termed as a Division Bench and the one that bench that consists of five or more judges is termed to be a Constitutional Bench.

Pic of Supreme Court of India

Tenure and qualification of Judges in Supreme Court

President appoints the judges of the Supreme Court and the retirement age of these judges is 65. For being a judge or chief justice of a Supreme Court one must fulfill the following qualifications:

1. He must be an Indian Citizen
2. Should have served the High Court as its Judge for at least 5 years
3. He should have served the high court as its advocate for a period of 10 years

In case their occurs a vacancy in the CJI office due to any reason, the president appoints the acting Chief Justice as the Chief Justice of India from amongst the judges of the Supreme Court. The salaries and other allowances of the Judges in India are charged from the Consolidated Fund of India. At present the salary structure is:

1. Chief Justice of Supreme Court-Rs 1 Lakh
2. Other Judges of SC: Rs 90,000

Removal of Judges

The Judge can be removed from India on certain ground that includes incapacity to hold the office or proven misbehavior. They can be removed only after the resolution of both the houses of Indian Parliament that is supported by the majority of two-third of the members voting and present. The two judges against whom the proceeding was initiated:

1. V Ramaswami in 1993 was the first judge against whom the proceedings were initiated
2. Soumitra Sen in 2011 was the second judge against whom these proceedings were initiated

Labour Statistics in India may be said to have originated when the first national population census was conducted in 1872. This census gave not only the count of number of persons, but also the number of gainfully employed. Since then every census has thrown useful data on workers in different industries and occupations every 10 years. Besides the statistics on employment thrown by the census, other data on labour statistics until the Second World War, were collected on ad-hoc basis, mostly as a by product of administration of labour laws and not as a basis for formulation of labour policies. The Royal Commission on Labour in 1931 pointed out the need for systematic collection of labour statistics. It observed that the policy must be built on facts as the uncertainty of facts would lead to confusion and conflict regarding its aim. The Commission recommended the adoption of suitable legislation enabling the Competent Authority to collect and collate information regarding the living, working and socio-economic conditions of industrial labour. Further, the inflationary pressure during the early period of the Second World War gave rise to demands of workers for compensation in their wages necessitating setting up of machinery for measuring changes in prices. Accordingly, Government of India constituted & set up the Rau Court of Enquiry in 1940 under the Trade Disputes Act (1929) to recommend statistical machinery for measuring movement in prices. The Rau Court of Enquiry recommended compilation and maintenance of Cost of Living Index Numbers for measuring the rate of compensation to be paid to the workers for the rise in cost of living.

This recommendation of the Rau Court of Enquiry (1940) led to setting up of the Directorate of Cost of Living at Shimla in 1941 with the objective of conducting Family Budget Enquiries and compiling Cost of Living Index Numbers for important centres in the country on a uniform basis. The Directorate conducted enquiries during the period 1943-45.   However, with the increased Government intervention in the field of industrial relations during the Second World War, the need for more systematic collection and processing of labour statistics acquired significance.  The result was the enactment of Industrial Statistics Act in 1942 to facilitate collection of statistics on (a) matters relating to factories and (b) certain specified  areas of welfare and conditions of labour. Further, arrangements were made for the collection and processing of the data flowing from the administration of important labour Acts, such as the Trade Unions Act, 1926 and the Payment of Wages Act, 1936, etc. The need for more comprehensive labour statistics in the context of formulation of labour policy led to the setting up of the Labour Bureau on October 1, 1946 by rechristening the Directorate of Cost of Living with added functions. Since then Labour Bureau is engaged in collection, compilation, analysis and dissemination of statistics on different facets of labour at All India level.

Main Functions of the Bureau

Labour Bureau is responsible for the collation, collection and publication of statistics and related information on wages, earnings, productivity, absenteeism, labour turn-over, industrial relations, working and living conditions and evaluation of working of various labour enactments etc. It is a storehouse of important economic indicators like Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial, Agricultural and Rural Labourers; wage rate indices and data on industrial relations, socio-economic conditions in the organised and unorganised sector of industry etc. The functions/activities of Labour Bureau can be classified under three major heads:
1. Labour Intelligence
2. Labour Research
3. Monitoring and evaluation studies under the Minimum Wages Act 1948.

1. Labour Intelligence:

(1) Construction and maintenance of various series of index numbers:

(a) Consumer Price Index Numbers (CPI) for (i) Industrial Workers (ii) Rural Labourers and (iii) Agricultural Labourers.
(b) Wage Rate Indices in respect of industries covered under the Occupational Wage Surveys.
(c) Index Numbers of (i) Money Earnings and (ii) Real Earnings
(d) Retail Price Indices for 31 Essential Commodities in Urban Areas.

(2) Providing serial statistics on Absenteeism, Labour Turnover, Labour Cost, Employment,  contract workers Earnings and industrial disputes.

2.  Labour Research: Conducting research studies/ surveys and bringing out publications on labour related matters in organized and unorganized sector. These include:
(1) Unorganised sector, SC/ST Labour both in Urban and Rural Areas, Women Workers ;
(2) Occupational Wage Survey in the organized sector
(3) Family Budget Enquiries.
(4) Rural Labour Enquiry.
(5) Survey of Labour conditions
(6) Contract Labour Surveys
(7) Annual Survey of Industries.
(8) Digest of Indian Labour Research.
(9) Statistical Profile on women Labour

3. Monitoring and Evaluation: Collects, Compiles and disseminates statistical information on various aspects of labour based on statutory and voluntary returns under different Labour Acts and surveys conducted. Details of information collected under the Acts are given  on web page- Statutory / Voluntary Returns)
4.  Publication of Indian Labour Journal (Monthly), Indian Labour Statistics (Annual), Pocket Book of Labour Statistics (Annual) and Indian Labour Year Book (Annual) giving authoritative and up-to-date statistics on various facets of Labour and on  current Labour scene in the country. ( List given on separate web-page).

Information courtesy : Labour Bureau website ,Government of India

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The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is one of five institutions that comprise the World Bank Group. The IBRD is an international organization whose original mission was to finance the reconstruction of nations devastated by World War II. Now, its mission has expanded to fight poverty by means of financing states. Its operation is maintained through payments as regulated by member states. It came into existence on December 27, 1945 following international ratification of the agreements reached at the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference of July 1 to July 22, 1944 in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire.

The IBRD provides loans to governments, and public enterprises, always with a government (or “sovereign”) guarantee of repayment subject to general conditions (pdf). The funds for this lending come primarily from the issuing of World Bank bonds on the global capital markets—typically $12–15 billion per year. These bonds are rated AAA (the highest possible) because they are backed by member states’ share capital, as well as by borrowers’ sovereign guarantees. (In addition, loans that are repaid are recycled, or relent.) Because of the IBRD’s credit rating, it is able to borrow at relatively low interest rates. As most developing countries have considerably lower credit ratings, the IBRD can lend to countries at interest rates that are usually quite attractive to them, even after adding a small margin (about 1%) to cover administrative overheads.

Parliament is the supreme legislative body of a country. Indain Parliament comprises of the President and the two Houses-Lok Sabha (House of the People) and Rajya Sabha (Council of States). The President has the power to summon and prorogue either House of Parliament or to dissolve Lok Sabha.

The Constitution of India came into force on January 26, 1950. The first general elections under the new Constitution were held during the year 1951-52 and the first elected Parliament came into being in April, 1952, the Second Lok Sabha in April, 1957, the Third Lok Sabha in April, 1962, the Fourth Lok Sabha in March, 1967, the Fifth Lok Sabha in March, 1971, the Sixth Lok Sabha in March, 1977, the Seventh Lok Sabha in January, 1980, the Eighth Lok Sabha in December, 1984, the Ninth Lok Sabha in December, 1989, the Tenth Lok Sabha in June, 1991, the Eleventh Lok Sabha in May, 1996, the Twelfth Lok Sabha in March, 1998, the Thirteenth Lok Sabha in October, 1999, the Fourteenth Lok Sabha in May, 2004 and the Fifteenth Lok Sabha in May, 2009.

LOK SABHA

Lok Sabha, as the name itself signifies, is the body of representatives of the people. Its members are directly elected, normally once in every five years by the adult population who are eligible to vote. The minimum qualifying age for membership of the House is 25 years. The present membership of Lok Sabha is 545. The number is divided among the different States and Union Territories as follows:

(1) Andhra Pradesh 42

(2) Arunachal Pradesh 2

(3) Assam 14

(4) Bihar 40

(5) Chhattisgarh 11

(6) Goa 2

(7) Gujarat 26

(8) Haryana 10

(9) Himachal Pradesh 4

(10) Jammu & Kashmir 6

(11) Jharkhand 14

(12) Karnataka 28

(13) Kerala 20

(14) Madhya Pradesh 29

(15) Maharashtra 48

(16) Manipur 2

(17) Meghalaya 2

(18) Mizoram 1

(19) Nagaland 1

(20) Orissa 21

(21) Punjab 13

(22) Rajasthan 25

(23) Sikkim 1

(24) Tamil Nadu 39

(25) Tripura 2

(26) Uttarakhand 5

(27) Uttar Pradesh 80

(28) West Bengal 42

(29) Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1

(30) Chandigarh 1

(31) Dadra & Nagar Haveli 1

(32) Daman & Diu 1

(33) NCT of Delhi 7

(34) Lakshadweep 1

(35) Pondicherry 1

(36) Anglo-Indians (if nominated 2 by the President under Article 331 of the Constitution)

RAJYA SABHA

Rajya Sabha is the Upper House of Parliament. It has not more than 250 members. Members of Rajya Sabha are not elected by the people directly but indirectly by the Legislative Assemblies of the various States. Every State is allotted a certain number of members. No member of Rajya Sabha can be under 30 years of age.

Twelve of Rajya Sabha members are nominated by the President from persons who have earned distinction in the fields of literature, art, science and social service.

Rajya Sabha is a permanent body. It is not subject to dissolution but one-third of its members retire every two years. Rajya Sabha was duly constituted for the first time on April 3, 1952 and it held its first sitting on May 13, that year.

There are at present 245 members in Rajya Sabha, distributed among different States and Union Territories as follows:

(1) Andhra Pradesh 18

(2) Arunachal Pradesh 1

(3) Assam 7

(4) Bihar 16

(5) Chhattisgarh 5

(6) Goa 1

(7) Gujarat 11

(8) Haryana 5

(9) Himachal Pradesh 3

(10) Jammu & Kashmir 4

(11) Jharkhand 6

(12) Karnataka 12

(13) Kerala 9

(14) Madhya Pradesh 11

(15) Maharashtra 19

(16) Manipur 1

(17) Meghalaya 1

(18) Mizoram 1

(19) Nagaland 1

(20) Orissa 10

(21) Punjab 7

(22) Rajasthan 10

(23) Sikkim 1

(24) Tamil Nadu 18

(25) Tripura 1

(26) Uttarakhand 3

(27) Uttar Pradesh 31

(28) West Bengal 16

(29) NCT of Delhi 3

(30) Pondicherry 1

(31) Nominated by the President under 12 Article 80(1)(a) of the Constitution

Presiding Officers

Lok Sabha elects one of its own members as its Presiding Officer and he is called the Speaker. He is assisted by the  Deputy Speaker who is also elected by Lok Sabha. The conduct of business in Lok Sabha is the responsibility of the Speaker.

The Vice-President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha. He is elected by the members of an electoral college consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament. Rajya Sabha also elects one of its members to be the Deputy Chairman.

Functions of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

The main function of both the Houses is to pass laws. Every Bill has to be passed by both the Houses and assented to by the President before it becomes law. The subjects over which Parliament can legislate are the subjects mentioned under the Union List in the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India. Broadly speaking, Union subjects are those important subjects which for reasons of convenience, efficiency and security are administered on all-India basis. The principal Union subjects are Defence, Foreign Affairs, Railways, Transport and Communications, Currency and Coinage, Banking, Customs and Excise Duties. There are numerous other subjects on which both Parliament and State Legislatures can legislate.

Under this category mention may be made of economic and social planning, social security and insurance, labour welfare, price control and vital statistics.

Besides passing laws, Parliament can by means of resolutions, motions for adjournment, discussions and questions addressed by members to Ministers exercise control over the administration of the country and safeguard people’s liberties.

Difference between Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

(1) Members of Lok Sabha are directly elected by the eligible voters. Members of Rajya Sabha are elected by the elected members of State Legislative Assemblies in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of single transferable vote.

(2) The normal life of every Lok Sabha is 5 years only while Rajya Sabha is a permanent body.

(3) Lok Sabha is the House to which the Council of Ministers is responsible under the Constitution. Money Bills can only be introduced in Lok Sabha. Also it is Lok Sabha which grants the money for running the administration of the country.

(4) Rajya Sabha has special powers to declare that it is necessary and expedient in the national interest that Parliament may make laws with respect to a matter in the State List or to create by law one or more all-India services common to the Union and the States.

NASSCOM® (National Association of Software and Services Companies) is the premier trade body and the chamber of commerce of the IT-BPO industries in India. With a strong membership base constituting of over 95%, NASSCOM facilitates business and trade in software and services and encourages advancement of research in software technology.

DSCI (Data Security Council of India) is a not-for-profit company that develops best practices for Data Security and Data Privacy under its Self Regulatory Organization Framework. DSCI works to implement the best practices for Data protection in strict conformance with the global standards and cover emerging disciplines of security and privacy. Through employing initiatives on cyber security awareness, DSCI reaches out and assures the clients of IT and BPO sector that India is a secure destination for global sourcing.

FICCI (Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry), is the largest and oldest apex business organization in India. Its a not-for-profit organization body,it enables  to access the world of opportunities, all the way from networking with the corporate majors of Indian and global industry to assisting in framing economic and industrial policies, through close linkage with the government. Being the voice of India’s business and industry, FICCI  sets new trends and bunch marks  in Providing the apt approach on increasing efficiency and competitiveness of the  IT and Business industry in India.

Electronics and Computer Software Export Promotion Council (ESC), sponsored by the Government of India is India’s largest Electronics and IT trade facilitation organization. With a strong membership base of over 2300 manufacturers and exporters across the country covering the entire gamut of Electronics and Software Industry in the areas of Consumer Electronics, Electronic Components, Instrumentation, Telecommunication, Computer Hardware and Peripherals and Computer Software and IT Enabled Services ESC strives hard in elevating India’s position in the international trading arena of the Electronic and Computer Software. 

Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) is an autonomous society set up by the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, Government of India, with the objective of encouraging, promoting and boosting software exports from India. Spread across the country with 51 centers, over 7500 software-exporting companies under the STPI umbrella, account for major share of the country’s software exports.

Peace and Sports, the Organization for Peace Through Sport’ was founded in 2007 by Olympic medalist and World Champion in Modern Pentathlon Joel Bouzou, the current president.

Indian Davis Cupper Rohan Bopanna and his Pakistani partner Aisam-Ul-Haq Qureshi have been conferred Peace and Sport Award from a Monaco-based foundation, their second honour in a week, for their message of ‘Stop War Start Tennis’.

Bopanna and Qureshi received the award here last night for publicizing their belief that sports can play a part in promoting friendship between India and Pakistan.

Their message of ‘Stop War Start Tennis’ had fetched Bopanna and Qureshi the Arthur Ashe Humanitarian Of The Year award during the ATP World Tour Finals in London last month.

The two players have been playing with the message of ‘Stop War Start Tennis’ for quite some time on the Tour and in Grand Slams.

IGNOU( Indira Gandhi National Open University)Established in 1985 has contributed significantly to the development of higher education in the country through the Open and Distance Learning (ODL) mode.

IGNOU also known “The ‘People’s University’ follows a learner-centric approach and has successfully adopted a policy of openness and flexibility in entry qualifications, time taken for completion of a programme, and place of study.

The University, at present, offers 338 programmes of study through over 3,500 courses to a cumulative student strength of over 30 lakh students.

The programmes are offered by the University at the following levels: doctorate; masters and bachelors degree programmes; post-graduate and under-graduate diplomas; and certificates.

The education is disseminated in conventional, as well as emerging inter-disciplinary areas, such as consumer protection, disaster management, environment, human rights, tourism, women empowerment and child development, participatory forest management, participatory planning, resettlement and rehabilitation, teacher education, food and nutrition, continuing medical and health education, HIV/AIDs, laboratory techniques, and online learning.

One of the biggest contributions of the University has been making available to long-distance learners, courses which were hitherto exclusively limited to Face-to-Face classroom transactions. These include programmes in physical and natural sciences, nursing, health, engineering and technology, computers, library and information sciences and BEd degree, among others.

The University develops its academic programmes through 21 Schools of Study. A dedicated faculty, trained in distance education methodology, is responsible for planning, designing, developing and delivering academic programmes.

IGNOU involves a large number of senior teachers and experts from premier institutions in the country as ‘content experts’ for developing and delivering its course material.

The University has established a network of 43 Regional Centres (RCs), 6 Sub-Regional Centres and 1,400 Study Centres (SCs) all over the country to provide easy access and effective support services to the learners. These include Programme Study Centres (PSCs), as well as Special Study Centres for SC/STs, minorities, differently-abled learners, jail inmates, and personnel of different wings of Defence and Para-military services.

The University has also begun to focus on the educationally backward regions. New educational and training initiatives in the North-Eastern states and Sikkim are currently under way. These initiatives would lead to the creation of basic infrastructure in the region, using the latest in the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for the region.

The University has also extended its outreach beyond the borders of the country. IGNOU has entered into bilateral and multilateral alliances with several countries, especially in Asia and Africa: Australia, United Kingdom, France, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain, Abu Dhabi, Seychelles, Mauritius, Maldives, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Papua New Guinea and Liberia.

IGNOU intends to establish collaboration and partnership with government agencies and other open universities through international organisations like UNESCO, the Commonwealth Secretariat, the Commonwealth of Learning (COL), the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the World Wide Fund (WWF).

To promote international understanding, the University has a scheme of fellowships for academics and other staff working in the open universities of Asia under the Inter-University Staff Exchange Scheme. The University also hosts, supports and participates in national and international conferences to give impetus to research and academic activities of the faculty and staff.

The University has developed capabilities for training in distance education methodologies. It has successfully organised training workshops for the staff and faculty from within IGNOU, and a number of other institutions like State Open Universities (SOUs), Correspondence Course Institutes (CCIs), administrative staff of Government agencies, and overseas faculty. These have been conducted through the joint coordination of the Schools of Study, Staff Training and Research Institute of Distance Education (STRIDE) and the Distance Education Council (DEC), besides some national and international sponsoring agencies.

The academic programmes of the University have multi-media support. The University has facilities for audio, video, radio, television, interactive radio and video counselling, as well as tele-conferencing. IGNOU has also been identified as the nodal agency for running a 24-hour educational TV channel — Gyan Darshan — in collaboration with other institutions of higher learning. Gyan Vani is emerging as a huge cooperative network of FM radio stations, exclusively devoted to education.

Apart from teaching, research and training, extension education is an important component of academic activities at IGNOU. Extension education provides the much-needed linkages between the community and the University. Various literacy programmes focusing on community awareness and education and training in need-based and relevant areas have been successfully executed by the University. This is part of the University’s strategy of social intervention, and building the skill and knowledge capability of the community.

IGNOU has the unique distinction of combining the conventional role of a University with that of an apex body in the promotion, coordination and maintenance of standards in distance education, through continuous assessment and accreditation of the ODL institutions. The University established the DEC in 1991 as a statutory authority to ensure high-quality education through the ODL systems. The DEC has developed the ethos of sharing professional capabilities and resources with its peers.

The official website of is  IGNOU is http://www.ignou.ac.in/

courtesy : http://www.ignou.ac.in/

Q. I want to work for the UN. Where can I send my resume?

A. To apply, please see employment opportunities or volunteering.

Q. Can I apply for an internship in United Nations?

A. The United Nations provides opportunities for students enrolled in a graduate programme to undertake an internship at its Headquarters in New York.

Q. Can I receive financial assistance from the UN?

A. Financial aid is not available to individuals or private organizations through the UN.

Q. How can I contribute to the work of the UN?

A. The Organization accepts voluntary financial contributions if consistent with its aims and activities.

Q. I received an email from a UN organization and/or a UN official. Could this be a scam?

A. Some electronic messages may falsely state that they are issued by, or in association with, the United Nations. See Fraud Alert.

Q. I would like to send a proposal via e-mail to the Secretary-General. What is his e-mail address?

A: E-mails addressed to the Secretary-General should be sent through this form. Proposals can only be taken up by the United Nations when presented by an official representative of a Member State and after being duly inscribed on the agenda of the Organization and voted on by its members.

Q. I have a project to advance the United Nations goals. Does the UN offer financial, logistical or legal assistance?

A. No. Being an Organization of sovereign states, its resources are allocated only to programmes which have been officially approved by its members.

However, there are several ways Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) can collaborate with the UN on its activities. Please visit the following sites:

• NGO Section of the Department of Public Information
• NGO Section of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs
• UN Non-Governmental Liaison Service

Q. I have a school assignment about the UN. Where can I find more information?

A. Please visit the following sites to find general information about the UN: UN Charter, UN Emblem and Flag, The UN Today, UN in Brief, UN History, and Cyberschoolbus.

Q. Does the UN offer scholarships?

A: The UN offers no general scholarship or student exchange programme. However, UNESCO’s Study Abroad contains information on study, travel and work in Member countries. This publication contains information concerning higher education and training opportunities in all discipline. It includes details on scholarships, financial assistance, university-level courses, short-term courses, training programmes, student employment possibilities and facilities for handicapped.

Information Courtesy & Copyright :

UN Website :http://www.un.org/en/

UNDP(United Nations Development Programme) is the UN’s global development network, an organization advocating for change and connecting countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better life. UNDP is functioning in 166 countries, working with them on their own solutions to global and national development challenges.

World leaders have pledged to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), including the overarching goal of cutting poverty in half by 2015. UNDP’s network links and coordinates global and national efforts to reach these Goals.

UNDP helps developing countries attract and use aid effectively. In all our activities, we encourage the protection of human rights and the empowerment of women.

* Union Public Service Commission : www.upsc.gov.in
* Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission : www.apspsc.gov.in
* Arunachal Pradesh Public Service Commission : www.apspsc.gov.in
* Assam Public Service Commission : www.apsc.nic.in
* Bihar Public Service Commission: www.bpsc.bih.nic.in
* Chhattisgarh public service commission : www.psc.cg.gov.in
* Goa Public Service Commission : www.goapsc.gov.in
* Gujarat public service commission : www.gpsc.gujarat.gov.in
* Himachal Pradesh Public Service Commission : www.hp.gov.in
* Jammu and Kashmir Public Service Commission :www.jkpsc.org
* Jharkhand Public Service Commission : www.jharkhandjpsc.org
* Karnataka public service commission : www.kpsc.kar.nic.in
* Kerala Public Service Commission : www.keralapsc.org
* Madhya Public Service Commission : www.mppsc.nic.in
* Maharashtra Public Service Commission : www.mpsc.maharashtra.gov.in
* Manipur Public Service Commission : www.mpscmanipur.gov.in
* Nagaland Public Service Commission : www.nagaland.nic.in
* Orissa Public Service Commission : www.opsc.nic.in
* Punjab public service commission : www.ppsc.gop.pk
* Rajasthan Public Service Commission : www.rpsc.gov.in
* Sikkim Public Service Commission : www.rpsc.gov.in
* Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission : www.tnpsc.gov.in
* Tripura public service commission : www.tripura.nic.in
* Uttarakhand Public Service Commission : www.gov.ua.nic.in/ukpsc
* U.P. Public Service Commission : www.uppsc.org.in
* West Bengal public service commission : www.pscwb.org.in

Magazine of Kerala PSC Students http://pscbulletin.com

All India Radio (AIR)is a national broadcasting service planned, developed and operated by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting under the Government of India.The operations of All India Radio began formally in 1936 with the objectives to inform, educate and entertain the masses.

AIR today has a network of 198 broadcasting centres with 305
transmitters, including 145 medium frequency, 55 high frequency (SW)
and 103 FM transmitters. The coverage is 90% in terms of area and
97.3% in terms of population. AIR covers 24 Languages and 146
dialects in home service and 24 Languages in External services.